about values, meaning in life, God, the afterlife, the proper nature of the state—could not be answered with answers that would be regarded as items of objective knowledge. The effect of this view was the privatization of ethical and theological issues and the setting up of a cultural context in which people could be manipulated by powerful leaders since there was no knowledge of moral and religious truths that could be raised against them. Part of Husserl’s solution to this problem was to advance